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Cognitive neuropsychology

Cognitive neuropsychology is a subject in psychology. It is a combination of biology and cognitive psychology. These psychologists study human behavior and knowledge. This is a growing subject that is used more and more everyday. Unlike cognitive ...

Collective unconscious

Collective unconscious refers to the things in the unconscious mind that are shared between beings of the same species. The term was made by Carl Jung. He said that the human collective unconscious is made up of instincts and archetypes. An arche ...

Compensation (psychology)

In psychology, compensation is a way people hide something that they cannot do well, by doing something else really well. They may not even be aware that they are doing it. Compensation can hide real or imagined problems and personal or physical ...

Decision-making

Decision making is the mental process that leads to the selection of an action among several alternatives. Every decision making process produces a final choice. The output can be an action or an opinion. There is a growing awareness that people ...

Denial

Denial is a word used in psychology on defense mechanism. It means that someone denies that something has happened or is happening although he really knows it is true. Usually this happens because admitting it would cause a lot of pain. Denial is ...

Derealization

Derealization is a change in the way someone views the world so that it seems unreal. Derealization can also make someone feel as if their environment does not have emotion or depth. This is a symptom of other problems, such as sleeping disorders ...

Dissociation (psychology)

Dissociation in psychology is an experience that involves a detachment/separation from reality. It is different from psychosis, psychosis is a loss of reality. It can describe many things. The mildest form of it involves things such as daydreamin ...

Dissociative identity disorder

Dissociative identity disorder, is a mental disorder. It was called multiple personality disorder. It is listed in the mental health diagnosis manual DSM IV. This is one of the most controversial mental disorders because people disagree about wha ...

Eating disorder

An eating disorder is when someone begins eating too much, or when someone begins to avoid eating. This affects ones mental and physical health. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two of the most well known eating disorders today. Eating di ...

Egocentrism

Egocentrism is a state of mind of putting oneself in the center of interest, of being interested more about oneself than about other people. While this is normal in young children, it becomes more and more of a problem, in older children, adolesc ...

Elder abuse

Elder abuse is a single or repeated act of abuse towards an elderly person. It can also be when a lack of good care causes harm or distress to an older person. It can be physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse or verbal abuse. Elder abuse h ...

Empathy

Empathy is a word that means that someone is able to share or understand the emotions and feelings of another person. Someone may need to have a certain amount of empathy before they are able to feel compassion. The word was coined in 1909 by the ...

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is considered by many therapists as a major form of psychotherapy. Francine Shapiro, Ph.D., noted that recalling or thinking about disturbing events, coupled with eye-motion; audio input or sensory in ...

False consensus

False consensus or the effect of the false consensus is the tendency for people to assume that everyone else thinks the same way they do. It is a cognitive bias in which a person overestimates the "agreement grade" that the other people have with ...

Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy

Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy is a book written by David D. Burns. It was published in 1980. This book made cognitive behavioral therapy popular.

Flow (psychology)

Flow is a term used in psychology to mean the mental state of a person completely immersed in an activity. It is an altered state of consciousness. The person is fully focused, performing actively and successfully. The situation is widely recogni ...

Four temperaments

Four temperaments is a theory of psychology about personality. It suggests that four bodily fluids affect human personality traits and behaviour. The temperaments are sanguine, choleric, melancholy, and phlegmatic.

Freuds psychoanalytic theories

Sigmund Freud is considered to be the founder of the psychodynamic approach to psychology. Psychodynamic therapy looks closely at the unconscious drives that motivate people to act in certain ways. The role of the mind is something that Freud rep ...

Fundamental attribution error

In social-psychology, fundamental attribution error is the phenomenon where people judge other people and themselves in a different way. The person tends to judge other peoples good behavior as them having a good personality and the person also j ...

Gaslighting

Gaslighting is a type of psychological abuse where somebody uses lies or tricks to make another person doubt their memory and mental health. Gaslighting can be anything from an abusive person insisting that the abuse never happened, to setting up ...

Haltlose personality disorder

Haltlose personality disorder is a mental illness that displays as selfishness, blaming others for the actions they have committed, lacking direction in life and a lack of insight and self-control. They are unable to learn from experience or mist ...

Hicks law

Hicks law, or the Hick–Hyman law is named after British and American psychologists William Edmund Hick and Ray Hyman. It describes the time it takes for a person to make a decision as a result of the possible choices. Increasing the number of cho ...

Human nature

Human nature refers to the characteristics of mankind. This means ways of thinking, feeling and acting which humans have naturally. What these characteristics are, what causes them and how fixed human nature is, are good questions. They among the ...

Hypnosis

Hypnosis is "a trance state characterized by extreme suggestibility, relaxation and heightened imagination". It is an altered state of consciousness. Usually, one person the "hypnotist" talks to another the "subject" in a special way that puts th ...

Id, ego, and super-ego

The Id, ego, and super-ego are ideas created by Sigmund Freud. They are three concepts used to explain the way the human mind works. Freud describes the human mind as interaction of id, ego, super-ego. The ego, and to some extent the super-ego, i ...

Incest

Incest means sexual intercourse between people who are closely related. Usually, this means members of the same family. In many societies, it is forbidden by law and religion. Which relatives it is forbidden to have sex with depends on the law, r ...

Instinct

Animals with nervous systems are born with instincts. An instinct is a part of the behaviour of an organism. It is inherited, not learned. However, the term does not include the operation of sense organs, and does not include the normal working o ...

Islamophobia

Islamophobia is a political term and a slur used against people critical of Islam. It literally means the fear of Muslims. It is sometimes used to describe a hatred of the religion and its followers. "Islamophobia" can supposedly take the form of ...

Isolation for the purpose of abuse

Isolation is often used to get more power over a person. This power is then used for abuse. Isolating the victim from the outside world is important to get psychological control over the victim. Isolation reduces the opportunity of the victim to ...

Job satisfaction

Job satisfaction or employee satisfaction has been defined in different ways. It may be as simple as the feeling of satisfaction with a job. If a person likes their job, they feel job satisfaction. When an employee performs their work well, they ...

Judgment

The word judgment means making a decision carefully, after studying and comparing all evidence that is available. A judgment may be about what is the best thing to do, or how to do it, or how to classify something or someone, or what to think abo ...

Libido

Libido is a persons sex drive. A persons overall sexual drive varies greatly. Someone with a libido is called an allosexual. Someone without it is called asexual. Sex drive is influenced by biological, psychological and social factors. Sex hormon ...

Magical thinking

Magical thinking is a kind of thinking that looks for relationships between actions and events that can not be proved by reason and observation. Examples of magical thinking include some forms of prayer, some religious or magical rituals, superst ...

Maslows hierarchy of needs

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs was created by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1943. Maslow suggested that human needs could be put into five levels.

Milgram experiment

The Milgram experiment is the name for a number of controversial experiments in psychology. They were done by Stanley Milgram in the 1960s. Milgram wanted to find out how easy it was to get someone to follow orders, even if the orders went agains ...

Mind

The mind is a general term for the way a person that thinks, reasons, perceives, wills, and feels. For science, what others call the mind is entirely caused by workings of the brain. The philosopher Gilbert Ryle called mind the "Ghost in the Mach ...

Moral reasoning

Moral reasoning is a topic studied in psychology and in moral philosophy. It studies how people think about moral issues, problems, and questions. Psychologists who have studied it include Lawrence Kohlberg and Elliot Turiel. Kohlberg said that m ...

Morality

Morality is the concept of doing the right thing. Morals are basic guidelines for living. Many people have written about ways of choosing what the right thing is. Some believe that there is an objective true even if you do not agree with it moral ...

Motivation

Motivation is an important part of human psychology. It arouses a person to act towards a desired goal. It is a driving force which promotes action. For example, hunger is a motivation which causes a desire to eat. "Motivation is an energizer of ...

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a set of questions based on psychology. By answering the questions, people can learn about how they tend to make choices. They can also learn about how they view the world. After answering the questions in the M ...

Need

A need is a thing that, when a living being, plant or animal does not have it, it is not able to live. A thing that someone wants to have, but is able to live when they do not have it, is called a want. Every person has the same basic needs for t ...

Nightmare

A nightmare is a very powerful dream that the sleeper finds disturbing or frightening. Nightmares usually have either physiological causes, like a high fever, or psychological ones, like trauma or stress in the sleepers life. Nightmares are commo ...

Notes from the psychoanalysis of Knut Hamsun

During the psychoanalysis of Knut Hamsun, notes were made by his psychoanalyst, Johannes Irgens Stromme; sometimes the notes are referred to as the Stromme/Hamsun manuscript. Hamsun died in 1952 and copies of the notes were published in 2017; the ...

Operant conditioning

Operant conditioning is a form of learning. In it, an individual changes its behaviour because of the consequences of the behaviour. The person or animal learns its behaviour has a consequence. That consequence may be Extinction: no event follows ...

Optical illusion

An optical illusion is one which shows images that differ from normal reality. The information gathered by the eye is processed in the brain to give a perception. That is normal, but in these cases the appearance does not tally with a physical me ...

Padded cell

A padded cell is a special room in a hospital for mentally ill people. Its made so that the patients can be put there when they go through a crisis. They are put there so they can go through their crisis on their own, without putting others into ...

Pairwise comparison

Pairwise comparison is any process of comparing things in pairs to judge which of two things is preferred, or has a greater amount of some something, or whether or not the two things are identical. The method of pairwise comparison is used in the ...

Passive-aggressive behaviour

Passive-aggressive behaviour is indirect aggression that pretends to be innocent. This means someone pretends to be nice, but is actually being aggressive. It can happen when people do what others want to stop direct confrontation, but they do no ...

Peer pressure

Peer pressure is being influenced by the peer group members. It often happens to children during puberty. The group defines some social values. For somebody to stay "cool" in that group, they feel as if they have to act like other people in that ...

Perception

In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of taking in, picking, organizing, and understanding sensory information. It includes collecting data from sense organs and interpreting it in the brain. Consider this: Light ent ...